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The approximate distribution of the different indigenous groups is given below:
North-east Region: provinces of Chaco, Entre RĂos, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero.
Peoples: CharrĂşa, Lule, Mbya-GuaranĂ, MocovĂ, Pilagá, Toba, TonocotĂ©, Vilela, WichĂ.
North-west Region: provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán.
Peoples: Atacama, Avá-GuaranĂ, ChanĂ©, Chorote, ChulupĂ, Diaguita-CalchaquĂ, Kolla, Ocloya, Omaguaca, Tapiete, Toba, TupĂ-GuaranĂ, WichĂ.
South Region: provinces of Chubut, Neuquén, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego.
Peoples: Mapuche, Ona, Tehuelche, Yamana.
Central Region: Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and provinces of Buenos Aires, CĂłrdoba, La Pampa, Mendoza.
Peoples: Atacama, Avá GuaranĂ, Diaguita-CalchaquĂ, Huarpe, Kolla, Mapuche, Rankulche, Toba, TupĂ GuaranĂ, Comechingon.
Most indigenous peoples live in rural communities, and represent between 3 and 5% of the country's total population. In some provinces, the indigenous population accounts for between 17 and 25% of the population. The growing impoverishment of their lands, particularly in the highlands, has led to significant migration to the cities. There are no figures on how many indigenous people live in urban areas although information from indigenous organisations suggests that their proportion is high in some provincial capitals such as, for example, Neuquén. However, proportionately, Buenos Aires (state capital) and its area of influence is home to the greatest number of indigenous people in the country.
The original inhabitants of the area that is now Argentina included:
The Aymara Indians: one of the major languages of South America, spoken by more than two million people in the Andean region of Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Argentina. Actually, depending on the linguist doing the counting, there are somewhere between two and eight different Aymaran languages, each of which is difficult for speakers of the others to understand. (The difference of opinion on the exact number is because some of the varieties are considered to be dialects by some people and considered to be distinct Aymaran languages by others.) Some linguists think Aymara may be distantly related to Quechua, but this has not been conclusively shown. There are many lexical similarities between the two languages, but that may be due to vocabulary borrowing -- the structures of the languages are radically different from each other. Aymara is an agglutinating language with SOV word order.
The Guarani Indians: one of the major languages of South America, spoken by nearly five million people in Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina. In fact, more than two-thirds of the population of Paraguay are speakers of Guarani, most of whom are fully bilingual in Guarani and Spanish. There are significant differences between Paraguayan Guarani and the Guarani dialects spoken in other regions, and some linguists consider them separate languages. Guarani belongs to the Tupi-Guarani language family. |
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