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Kolkata
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"Calcutta" redirects here. For other uses, see Calcutta (disambiguation).
?Kolkata
West Bengal • India
Victoria Memorial
Kolkata
Coordinates: 22°34′11″N 88°22′11″E / 22.5697, 88.3697
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area
• Elevation 1,500 km² (579 sq mi)
• 9 m (30 ft)
District(s) Calcutta †
Population
• Density
• Metro 4,580,544 (2001)
• 9,920 /km² (25,693 /sq mi)
• 14,681,589
Language(s) Bengali, English, Hindi
Mayor Bikash Ranjan Bhattacharya
Codes
• Pincode
• Telephone
• 700 xxx
• +91 (33)
Website: www.kolkatamycity.com
† The Kolkata urban agglomeration also includes portions of North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts.
Coordinates: 22°34′11″N 88°22′11″E / 22.5697, 88.3697
Kolkata (help·info) (Bengali: কলকাতা), IPA: ['kolkat̪a], formerly Calcutta (help·info), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. When referred to as "Kolkata", it usually includes the suburbs, and thus its population exceeds 15 million, making it India's third-largest city and urban agglomeration.
Calcutta served as the capital of India during the British Raj until 1911. Once the centre of modern education, industry, science, culture and politics in India, Kolkata witnessed intense political violence, clashes and economic stagnation from the years starting 1954 and continuing till this day. However, since the year 2000, economic rejuvenation has led to a spurt in the city's growth. Like the other metropolitan cities of India, Kolkata continues to struggle with urbanisation problems like poverty, pollution and traffic congestion.
Kolkata is noted for its revolutionary history, ranging from the Indian struggle for independence to the leftist and trade union movements.
Contents [hide]
1 Name
2 History
3 Geography
4 Urban structure
5 Climate
6 Economy
7 Civic administration
8 Utility services and media
9 Transport
10 Demographics
11 Culture
12 Education
13 Sports
14 Notes
15 References
16 External links
[edit] Name
Probably based on Kalikata, the name of one of the three villages (Kalikata, Sutanuti, Gobindapur) in the area before the arrival of the British.[1] "Kalikata", in turn, is believed to be an anglicised version of Kalikshetra (কালীক্ষেত্র, "Land of [the goddess] Kālī"). Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila ("flat area").[2] Again, the name may have its origin in the indigenous term for a natural canal, Khal, followed by Katta (which may mean dug).[3] While the city's name was always pronounced "Kolkata" in the local Bengali language, its official English name was only changed from "Calcutta" to "Kolkata" in 2001, reflecting the Bengali pronunciation. Some view this as a move to erase the legacy of British rule.[4]
[edit] History
Main article: History of Calcutta
St. Paul's Cathedral was built in Kolkata during the British Raj
A view of Calcutta from Fort William 1807.
Kolkata port in 1945. It was an important military port during WWII.The discovery of the nearby Chandraketugarh,[5] an archaeological site, provides evidence that the area has been inhabited for over two millennia.[6] The city's documented history, however, begins with the arrival of the British East India Company in 1690, when the Company was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. Job Charnock, an administrator with the Company was traditionally credited as the founder of this city.[2] However some academics have recently challenged the view that Charnock was the founder of the city.[7]
In 1702, the British completed the construction of old Fort William,[8] which was used to station its troops and as a regional base. Kolkata (then Calcutta) was declared a Presidency City, and later became the headquarters of the Bengal Presidency.[9] Faced with frequent skirmishes with French forces, in 1756 the British began to upgrade their fortifications. When protests against the militarisation by the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-Ud-Daulah went unheeded he attacked and captured Fort William, leading to the infamous Black Hole incident.[10] A force of Company sepoys and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year.[10] Kolkata was named the capital of British India in 1772, although the capital shifted to the hilly town of Shimla during the summer months every year, starting from the year 1864.[11][dead link] It was during this period that the marshes surrounding the city were drained and the government area was laid out along the banks of the Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley, the Governor General between 1797–1805, was largely responsible for the growth of the city and its public architecture which led to the description of Kolkata as "The City of Palaces".[12] The city was a c |

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Of course it's a good city- otherwise why is it called the city of Joy? the rich and the poor live happily together, there are skyscrapers and good schools. but the drainage system in some areas is not good and there are strikes almost every month. Kolkata, being the capital of India during the rule of the British, house the famous Victoria Memorial and the Indian Museum. tjose who say taht it's not a good city probably have not been here or are incapable of recognizing teh josy the City of Joy can offer. Bengali cuisine is found in plenty and West Bangal is the only place on the world, except Bangladesh, where Bengali is the mother language . The great writer Rabindranath Tagore wrote- Ei banglar matite, maa go, janmo amaye diyo ( Mother, give me birth on the Bengal soil) |