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The State of México is bounded to the north by Hidalgo, to the east by Tlaxcala and Puebla, to the south by Morelos and Guerrero, and to the west by Michoacán. It has an area of 21,461 square kilometers (8,286.1 sq mi).
A large part of the state lies within that great depression of the Mexican plateau known as the Valley of Mexico. Enclosed within its boundaries, except on the south, is the Mexican Federal District and capital Mexico City with an area of 1,479 square kilometers (571 sq mi), which is not in the state of Mexico, but borders it to the west, north and east of the District.
The state is divided into two unequal parts by the Sierra de Ajusco and Montes de las Cruces, which form a wooded ridge across it from east to west, with a general elevation of about 3,000 meters (10,000 ft) above sea-level, or about 800 meters (2,500 ft) above the plateau level. These ranges are part of a broken irregular chain which sometimes bears the name of Anahuac.
A considerable part of the northern plateau consists of a broad plain, once the bed of a great lake but now covered with swamps, sodden meadows and lakes. The surrounding country drains into this depression, but an artificial outlet has been created by the opening of the Tequixquiac tunnel. Beyond its margin the plateau drains westward to the Pacific Ocean through the Lerma River, and north-east to the Gulf through the San Juan and Panuco rivers.
South of the Sierra de Ajusco, the country is roughly mountainous and drains to the Pacific through tributaries of the Balsas River.
Within the lacustrine depression of the north are the lakes of Zumpango, San Cristobal, Xaltocan, Chalco, Xochimilco and Texcoco, the latter three lying partly or wholly in the Federal District. Texcoco has the lowest level and its water is brackish and undrinkable, though that of the streams flowing into it and of the other |
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